E-commerce kana zvemagetsi zvekutengeserana haisi iyo monolithic pfungwa, asi zvinopesana inopa zvirevo zvakawanda kuvimba nazvo. Mune Wikipedia maonero ndeye chigadzirwa kutenga uye kutengesa system uye masevhisi anoshandisa iyo Internet senzira huru yekutsinhana. Mune mamwe mazwi, chimiro chekirasi yekutengesa chinosimudzirwa mune izvo zvese kuunganidzwa uye kubhadhara kunoitwa kuburikidza nemagetsi nzira. Kuve hunhu hwayo hukuru uye iyo inobatsira kunzwisisa iyi pfungwa mubhizinesi chikamu.
Zvisinei, uye sekune rimwe divi zvine musoro kuti unzwisise, bhizinesi rega rega rine kirasi yemutengi kwarinonongedzerwa, uye zvichibva pane izvi tinogona kuita akateedzana ezvikamu izvo zvinonyanya kubatsira kuti tinzwisise chinangwa chechinyorwa chino. . Ndokunge, chii chinonzi zvemagetsi commerce zvinoenderana neyekutengesa chimiro, uye chii chinopa akasiyana mabasa sekuratidzwa kuri pazasi.
Kujekesa izvi zvinoreva, zvichave zvakafanira kufunga kwete chete hunhu hweiyi nyanzvi basa. Kana zvisiri, zvakare kunaani kushambadzira kwezvako zvigadzirwa, masevhisi kana zvinhu. Saka kuti nenzira iyi, isu tiri munzvimbo iri nani yekusvika kumhedziso yenyaya, inova ndiyo pakupedzisira iri mungozi mune ino kesi.
Bhizinesi Mbiri Makirasi
Ehezve, mamwe acho anozove akajairika kwauri, asi mamwe aungave usina kuziva kusvika parizvino. Chero zvazvingaitika, inguva yekubuda mukukahadzika pachinhu ichi chinokanganisa zvakanyanya izvo zvinonzi kutengeserana kana chitoro chepamhepo.
B2B (Bhizinesi-ku-Bhizinesi): makambani ane magumo vatengi mamwe makambani kana masangano. Muenzaniso unogona kuve chitoro chezvinhu zvekuvaka izvo zvinotarisana nevakagadziri vemukati kana vavaki.
B2C (Bhizinesi-kune-Mutengi): makambani anotengesa akananga kune vekupedzisira vatengi vechigadzirwa kana sevhisi. Ndiyo yakajairika uye kune zviuru zvemienzaniso yemafashoni zvitoro, shangu, zvemagetsi, nezvimwe.
C2B (Mutengi-ku-Bhizinesi): masosi umo vatengi vanotsikisa chigadzirwa kana sevhisi uye makambani anovabhadharira. Iwo ndiwo echinyakare emahara emabasa masosi senge Freelancer, Twago, Nubelo kana Adtriboo.
C2C (Mutengi-ku-Mutengi): kambani inobatsira kutengeswa kwezvigadzirwa kubva kune vamwe vatengi kuenda kune vamwe. Muenzaniso wakajeka ungave eBay, Wallapop kana chero imwe yechipiri-ruoko rwekutengesa portal.
Zvimwe zvikamu zvinogona kuve zvakakosha
Chero nzira, kune dzimwe pfungwa dzakabatanidzwa kune chii chemagetsi kutengeserana chiri uye icho iwe chaunofanirwa kuziva kubva zvino zvichienda mberi. Kunyangwe ivo vasinganyanyo kuzivikanwa muchikamu uye kuti chaizvo ndivo avo vatinozo kufumura kwauri pazasi:
- G2C (Goverment-kune-Mutengi).
- C2G (Mutengi-ku-Goverment).
- B2E (Bhizinesi-kune-Mushandirwi).
Chinhu chinoratidza kuti zvemagetsi commerce inoenda zvakatowedzera kubva kune yakasarudzika pfungwa yezwi. Uye izvo zvinogona kukanganisa iyo nguva yaunozvipira iwe kune ino yakasarudzika bhizinesi chiitiko. Nekuti inofanirwa kutarisirwa mune iyo mari iyo iyo e-commerce boom yakabatana zvakanyanya nekukura kwehunyanzvi hutsva.
Zvakanakira kugadzira bhizinesi kana dhijitari chitoro
Chekutanga pane zvese, iwe unofanirwa kuongorora kuti zviri kuburikidza neiyi bhizinesi fomati iwe uchave unokwanisa kuwana vatengi vazhinji kubva zvino zvichienda mberi. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iwe une chaiyo sarudzo yekutenga nekutengesa kubva chero kupi pasi.
Chimwe chinhu chinotsanangura chirevo ichi chakabatanidzwa nekushaikwa kwemaawa muchitoro chako sezvo chichava chakavhurika zuva rese. Zvekuti nenzira iyi, mutengi anogona kuzvitenga paanenge achida uye panguva yaanoda.
Imwe yemipiro yake yakakosheswa ndeye yakaderera rekodhi yekushambadzira iyi sezvo uchifanira kufunga kuti bhizinesi rehunhu uhwu haridi zvinotsigirwa nemuviri, zvinova izvo pakupedzisira zvinoderedza mutengo uchienzaniswa nebhizinesi rechinyakare.
Iwo akanakisa purofiti margins ndeimwe yakawedzera kukosha mune yerudzi urwu bhizinesi nekuti iwe unogona kuve nemari yepamusoro kupfuura neyakajairwa tsika. Hazvishamise kuti, zvese chikamu chechokwadi chekuti iwe unotengesa zvakanyanya kupfuura mutsika masisitimu mukutengesa.
Kukanganisa mukushandisa kwayo
Sezvazvinonzwisisika mumarudzi ese ebhizinesi pane akateedzana ezve kufunga izvo zvisingazofadze zvakanyanya kune zvaunofarira sewe muzvinabhizimusi muchikamu ichi. Semuenzaniso, iwo atinongedzera pazasi:
Izvo zvigadzirwa hazvigone kuonekwa kana kubatwa nevatengi kana vashandisi uye zvinokuvadza izvo zvinogona kudzora online bhizinesi mashandiro kubva pakutanga. Chete kuburikidza nerondedzero yakadzama yechigadzirwa unogona kugadzirisa dambudziko iri rauinaro muchitoro chako chepamhepo.
Ehe zviri pachena asi kuti utengese uye utenge unoda chigadziro chakagadzirwa. Panguva ino ruzhinji runogona kuzviita asi mune mamwe matunhu, uko vateereri vanenge vachembera kana vashoma "tekinoroji", iri rinogona kunge riri dambudziko. Iwe unofanirwa kuzvitora mune izvi kubva zvino zvichienda mberi kana iwe uchida kuendesa iyi maitiro uine yakawanda vimbiso yebudiriro.
Kana bhizinesi rezvemuviri richivhura madhoo aro kekutanga, rinenge richitozviratidza kune vatengi vanopfuura. Mune bhizimusi repamhepo, kuwana kuonekera kwakanyanya kuomarara kupfuura kunowanzofungidzirwa. Unogona kuve nechigadzirwa chakakura uye chikuva chikuru, asi kana ukasashandira kuti uwane kuoneka, hapana anozozviona.
Usakahadzike kuti kubva zvino makwikwi ari online chikamu chiri kuwedzera kupomedzerwa uye zvakakosha kuti iwe uzvikoshese kuisa mumwe mushonga mune bhizinesi basa.
Zvakare hunyanzvi hwekuita hunogona kuita kuti iwe utambe hunyengeri izvozvi. Mune ino kesi, haigone kukanganikwa kuti e-commerce inoda hushoma hunyanzvi ruzivo urwo husiri wese munhu anarwo. Izvo zvakakosha kuti iwe uunganidze mipiro iyo yakavakirwa pakudzidza kukuru kwenzvimbo.
Wedzera muCommerce mugore rapfuura
Kudzoka kwekutengeserana kwemagetsi kana eCommerce muSpain kwakasvika pachikwangwani chemamirioni e2019 mukota yechipiri ye11.999, iyo iri 28,6% zvimwe kuti iyo 9.333 mamirioni euros iyo yaakapinda munguva imwechete yegore rapfuura, maererano neazvino dhata yakapihwa neNational Commission yeMarket uye Makwikwi (CNMC). Zvichienzaniswa nekota yapfuura, e-commerce yekutengesa yakawedzera 9,4%, kubva payakatora nguva pakati paNdira naKurume wegore rapfuura yakasvika 10.969 mamirioni euros.
Nezvikamu, maindasitiri ane mari yepamusoro aive masangano ekufamba nevashandisi vekushanya, iine 16% yemabhajeti akazara; kutakurwa kwemhepo, iine 8,8%; mahotera nenzvimbo dzekugara dzakafanana, iine 5,8%, uye zvipfeko, zvine 5,6%. Kune chikamu chayo, huwandu hwezviitiko zvakanyoreswa mukota yechipiri ye2019 yakasvika 211,3 mamirioni ekutengeserana, ayo anomiririra kukwira kwe32,7% zvichienzaniswa nemamirioni 159,2 munguva imwechete yegore rapfuura.
Muchirevo ichi, mutakurwi wepasi kutakura uye kubhejera uye kubheja zvinotungamira chinzvimbo nekutengesa, iine 7,5% uye 5,9% yeiyo yose, zvichiteerana. Izvi zvinoteverwa nekutengeswa kwemarekodhi, mabhuku, mapepanhau uye zvinyorwa zvine 5,8% uye zviitiko zvine chekuita nekutakura ne5,1%. Nezve nzvimbo, e-commerce mawebhusaiti muSpain akaunganidza 53,4% yemari mukota yechipiri ye2019, iyo 21,8% yakabva kunze kwenyika, ne46,6% Iyo yasara yaienderana nekutenga kwakabva kuSpain kubva kumawebhusaiti ekunze. Nenhamba yekutengesa, 42,1% yekutengesa yakanyoreswa pamawebhusaiti eSpanish, ayo 9,3% aibva kunze kwenyika, nepo imwe 57,9% yakaitika kune mamwe mawebhusaiti.
Wedzera muCommerce: kune iyo EU uye United States
Saizvozvo, iyo CNMC data inosanganisira chii 95,2% yekutenga kubva kuSpain kunze kwenyika inotungamirwa kuEuropean Union, ichiteverwa neUnited States (2,1%), ichive chekufambisa nendege (11,6%), mahotera nedzimba dzekugara dzakafanana nezvipfeko (7,4% muzviitiko zvese izvi) zvikamu zvinonyanya kudiwa. Panyaya yekutenga kwakaitwa kuSpain kubva kunze kwenyika, 64,0% inobva kuEU. Idzo nzvimbo dzezviitiko zvine chekuita neyekushanya chikamu (icho chinosanganisa masangano ekufambisa, kutakura nendege, kutakurwa kwenyika, kubhadharisa mota uye mahotera) account ye66,8% yekutenga.
Kune rimwe divi, e-commerce mari inowanikwa mukati meSpain yakawedzera ne22,3% gore-ne-gore panguva iri pakati paApril naJune, kusvika pamamiriyoni e3.791. Chikamu chekushanya chinosvika 27,8% yemitero mukati meSpain, ichiteverwa nePublic Administration, mitero uye Kuchengetedzwa Kwemagariro (6,5%).